Service Interface for QoS-Driven HPNA Networks

ABSTRACT

An in-band signaling model media control (MC) terminal for an HPNA network includes a frame classification entity (FCE) and a frame scheduling entity (FSE) and provides end-to-end Quality of Service (QoS) by passing the QoS requirements from higher layers to the lower layers of the HPNA network. The FCE is located at an LLC sublayer of the MC terminal, and receives a data frame from a higher layer of the MC terminal that is part of a QoS stream. The FCE classifies the received data frame for a MAC sublayer of the MC terminal based on QoS information contained in the received data frame, and associates the classified data frame with a QoS stream queue corresponding to a classification of the data frame. The FSE is located at the MAC sublayer of the MC terminal, and schedules transmission of the data frame to a destination for the data frame based on a QoS requirement associated with the QoS stream.

This application claims priority to provisional U.S. Application Ser.No. 60/296,381, entitled New Service Interface For QoS-Driven Home PNA,filed Feb. 20, 2001. The present application is also related to U.S.patent application Ser. No. (Atty Docket No. IDS: 2000-0672A), entitledService Interface For QoS-Driven HPNA Networks, filed concurrentlyherewith and incorporated by reference herein.

A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains materialthat is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has noobjection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent documentor the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and TrademarkOffice patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyrightrights whatsoever.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the fields of communications andnetworking. More particularly, the present invention relates to anin-band Quality of Service (QoS) signaling reference model forQoS-driven Home Phoneline Network Association (HPNA) networks.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In general, conventional in-band signaling protocols for Home PhonelineNetwork Association (HPNA) provide Quality of Service (QoS) supportthrough layer 3, such as IETF Diffserv, or layer 2, such as IEEE802.1P/Q, tagging mechanisms. Tagging, which does not reserve networkresources in advance, is accomplished through standardized combinationof certain bit patterns in a data packet or frame for identifying theQoS specifications, such as flow type and priority level of the datatraffic.

Regarding out-of-band QoS signaling protocols for an HPNA network,conventional out-of-band QoS signaling protocols, such as RSVP, send aQoS message to the network before sending traffic. The network thenmakes an admission decision based on network resources and, thus,generally provides better QoS service than the in-band signaling model.

Nevertheless, what is needed is a technique for providing end-to-end QoSfor an HPNA network that integrates the lower layers of the HPNAnetwork, i.e., the Logical Link Control (LLC) and Media Access Control(MAC) sublayers, with the higher layers.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a technique for providing end-to-end QoSfor an HPNA network that integrates the lower layers of the HPNAnetwork, i.e., the Logical Link Control (LLC) and Media Access Control(MAC) sublayers, with the higher layers.

One embodiment of the invention includes a system and a method in whichan in-band signaling model media control (MC) terminal for a HomePhoneline Network Association (HPNA) network has a frame classificationentity (FCE) and a frame scheduling entity (FSE). The FCE is located ata logical link control (LLC) sublayer of the MC terminal. The FCEreceives a data frame from a higher layer of the MC terminal that ispart of a Quality of Service (QoS) down-stream for a multimedia sessionQoS stream, a voice session QoS stream or a data session QoS stream. TheFCE classifies the received data frame for a media access control (MAC)sublayer of the MC terminal based on QoS information contained in thereceived data frame. The FCE then associates the classified data framewith a QoS stream queue corresponding to a classification of the dataframe. According to the invention, the QoS stream queue can include aplurality of QoS streams. The FSE is located at the MAC sublayer of theMC terminal, and schedules transmission of the data frame to adestination for the data frame based on a QoS requirement associatedwith the QoS stream.

The FCE includes a frame classification table containing at least oneentry having a frame classifier that is used for classifying thereceived data frame based on the QoS information contained in thereceived data frame. The FSE includes a frame scheduling tablecontaining an entry having QoS scheduling information for the QoS streamqueue associated with the classified data frame. The QoS schedulinginformation includes a set of QoS parameter values, a QoS streamidentification (ID) for the QoS stream of the classified data frame andqueue status information for the QoS stream queue. The queue statusinformation for the QoS stream queue includes queue length informationand a last transmission time for a data frame associated with the QoSstream queue.

According to one aspect of the in-band signaling model MC terminal, theQoS stream queue corresponds to the classified data frame is a physicalqueue at the MC terminal, and the FSE includes a timer that isassociated with the QoS stream queue. The FSE resets the timer when theQoS stream queue is not empty and enables the timer to measure anelapsed time when the QoS stream queue becomes empty. When the QoSstream queue is empty and a predetermined amount of time elapses, theFSE removes the entry in the frame scheduling table for the QoS stream.Preferably, the predetermined amount of time corresponds to at leastthree times a QoS maximum delay parameter associated with the QoSstream.

According to another aspect of the in-band signaling MC terminal, a QoSstream queue of a non-MC terminal is a virtual queue at the MC terminal,and the FSE includes a counter that is associated with the non-MCterminal QoS stream queue. The FSE sets the counter to zero when a dataframe that is part of the QoS stream is transmitted in response to apolling message and incrementing the counter when no data frame that ispart of the QoS stream is transmitted in response to a polling message.When a count of the counter that is associated with the QoS streamequals a predetermined value, the FSE removing the entry in the framescheduling table for the non-MC terminal QoS stream. Preferably, thepredetermined value equals three.

In the situation when the QoS stream is a new session and the receiveddata frame is a first data frame received for the QoS stream, the FCEadds a new entry to the classification table corresponding to the QoSinformation contained in the first data frame when the classificationtable does not contain an entry having a frame classifier correspondingto the QoS information contained in the first data frame.

In the situation when the data frames of a new session do not containany in-band QoS signaling or contain unrecognized QoS information, theFCE classifies the data frames of the new session to a best efforttraffic queue. The priority level associated with the best efforttraffic queue depends on the system design.

In the situation when the destination for the data frame is at least onein-band signal model non-media control (non-MC) terminal, each non-MCterminal includes an FCE located at an LLC sublayer of the non-MCterminal. The FCE of the non-MC terminal receives the data frame from ahigher layer of the non-MC terminal and classifies the received dataframe for a MAC sublayer of the non-MC terminal based on QoS informationcontained in the received data frame. The FCE of the non-MC terminalalso includes a frame classification table containing at least one entryhaving a frame classifier that is used for classifying the received dataframe based on the QoS information contained in the received data frame.In the situation when the QoS stream is a new session and the receiveddata frame is a first data frame received by the non-MC terminal for theQoS stream, the FCE of the non-MC terminal adds a new entry to the frameclassification table of the non-MC terminal corresponding to the QoSinformation contained in the first data frame when the frameclassification table of the FCE of the non-MC terminal does not containan entry having a frame classifier corresponding to the QoS informationcontained in the first data frame.

Each non-MC terminal also includes a counter that is associated with theQoS stream queue. The FCE of the non-MC terminal sets the counter tozero when a data frame that is part of the QoS stream is transmitted inresponse to a polling message from the MC terminal and increments thecounter when no data frame that is part of the QoS stream is transmittedin response to a polling message. The non-MC terminal removes the entryin the frame classification table corresponding to the QoS stream when acount of the counter that is associated with the QoS stream equals apredetermined value. Preferably, the predetermined value equals three.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system and a method inwhich an out-of-band signaling model MC terminal for an HPNA network hasa QoS management entity (QME) and an admission control entity (ACE). TheQME receives an end-to-end QoS message characterizing a down-streamsession for a multimedia session QoS stream, a voice session QoS streamor a data session QoS stream. The end-to-end QoS message also includesat least one QoS parameter set that is expressed at layer 3 and higherof an ISO/IEC basic reference model (ISO/IEC 7498-1) and is to be passeddown to layer 2 of the MC terminal for enabling QoS traffic transportfor the session. The ACE performs an admission control decision relatingto the session based on the end-to-end QoS message characterizing theQoS stream. According to the invention, the ACE can be part of the QMEand can include at least one of a resource control module and a policycontrol module. The resource control module, when part of the ACE,performs at least one admission control decision relating to the sessionbased on a resource permission, and the policy control module, when partof the ACE, performs at least one admission control decision relating tothe session based on a policy permission.

When the end-to-end QoS message characterizing the session is a requestfor admitting the session to the HPNA network, the ACE rejects or admitsthe requesting session to the HPNA network based on an outcome of theadmission control decision. The QME, in response to an admitted session,establishes at least one QoS stream in layer 2 of the MC terminal fortransporting the traffic of the session between LLC sublayer entitieswithin the HPNA network. The QME then assigns a QoS stream ID to theadmitted session.

The out-of-band signaling MC terminal also includes an FCE located atthe LLC sublayer of the MC terminal and an FSE located at the MACsublayer of the MC terminal. The FCE receives a data frame for thesession from a higher layer of the MC terminal, and classifies thereceived data frame for the MAC sublayer based on QoS informationcontained in the received data frame. The FCE associates the classifieddata frame with a QoS stream queue corresponding to a classification ofthe data frame. The FSE schedules transmission of the data frame to adestination for the data frame based on a QoS requirement associatedwith the QoS stream. The FCE includes a frame classification tablecontaining at least one entry having a frame classifier that is used forclassifying the received data frame based on the QoS informationcontained in the received data frame. The FSE includes a framescheduling table containing QoS scheduling information for the QoSstream queue associated with the classified data frame. The QoSscheduling information includes a set of QoS parameter values, a QoSstream ID for the QoS stream of the classified data frame and queuestatus information for the QoS stream queue.

In the situation when the session is a new session and the received dataframe is a first data frame received for the new session, the FCE adds anew entry to the classification table corresponding to the new stream.

The out-of-band signaling model HPNA network also includes anout-of-band signaling model non-MC terminal having an FCE and anoptional FSE. The FCE receives a data frame from a layer higher of thenon-MC terminal than the LLC sublayer of the non-MC terminal. The FCEclassifies the received data frame for a MAC sublayer of the non-MCterminal, and associates the classified data frame with a QoS streamqueue corresponding to a classification of the data frame. The optionalFSE is located at the MAC sublayer of the non-MC terminal, and schedulestransmission of a data frame based on QoS information associated with inthe data frame. The FSE of the non-MC terminal includes a framescheduling table containing QoS parameter information, QoS stream ID andqueue status information for the QoS stream queue associated with theclassified data frame.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention is illustrated by way of example and notlimitation in the accompanying figures in which like reference numeralsindicate similar elements and in which:

FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram showing in-band QoS signalingreference models for an MC terminal and a non-MC terminal for an HPNAnetwork according to the present invention; and

FIG. 2 shows a functional block diagram showing out-of-band QoSsignaling reference models for an MC terminal and a non-MC terminal foran HPNA network according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides an end-to-end QoS mechanism for a HomePhoneline Networking Association (HPNA) network. To achieve this, thepresent invention provides an architectural reference model thatintegrates the lower layers of an HPNA network, i.e., the Logical LinkControl (LLC) and Media Access Control (MAC) sublayers, with the higherlayers, i.e., the network and higher layers. Consequently, QoS parametervalues (for both in-band or out-of-band QoS signaling) from the higherlayers are instilled into the lower layers of the HPNA network, therebyenabling the lower layers to provide QoS traffic transport and improvedchannel throughput through centralized bandwidth allocation andscheduling.

The present invention provides two types of QoS interface referencemodels. The first type of interface reference model, shown in FIG. 1, isan in-band QoS signaling reference model that handles network in-bandQoS signaling protocols, such as IETF Diffserv and IEEE 802.1 P/Q. Thesecond type of interface reference model, shown in FIG. 2, is anout-of-band QoS signaling reference model that handles networkout-of-band QoS signaling protocols, such as RSVP.

According to the invention, a Media Control (MC) terminal is requiredfor an HPNA network for both in-band and out-of-band signaling interfacereference models. An MC terminal is an HPNA terminal havingfunctionality for controlling bandwidth allocation and transmissionscheduling for all terminals within the HPNA network, and therebyimproving data access delay and channel throughput by reducing channelaccess contention. When there is a connection between a HPNA network andanother network, the MC terminal also serves as the access point for theHPNA network to the other network.

For both types of QoS service interface models of the present invention,the MC terminal has the highest priority of all the terminals forgaining access to the media. When a new QoS service stream is initiated,such as for a multimedia session, a non-MC terminal sends a reservationrequest message to the MC terminal using the conventional HPNA 2.0contention protocol. As used herein, a QoS service stream is a sequenceof data frames that have the same QoS parameter values. Logically, a QoSservice stream is a unidirectional path between a terminal sourcing theQoS stream and one or more other terminals receiving the QoS streamwithin the HPNA network. After a QoS stream has been registered with theMC terminal, the non-MC terminal sourcing the QoS stream must wait for apoll from the MC terminal before starting a transmission.

FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram showing in-band QoS signalingreference models for an MC terminal and a non-MC terminal for an HPNAnetwork 100 according to the present invention. FIG. 1 shows that HPNAnetwork 100 includes an MC terminal 101 and at least one non-MC terminal102. MC terminal 101 and non-MC terminal 102 are depicted using an OpenSystems Interconnection (OSI) Physical (PHY) layer, a Media AccessControl (MAC) sublayer, a Logical Link Control (LLC) sublayer and higherlayers. Each layer interfaces in a well-known manner with a verticallyadjacent layer through an interface mechanism that is depicted as arelatively thicker line. While FIG. 1 shows only one non-MC terminal102, it should understood that HPNA network 100 can include a pluralityof non-MC terminals 102. It should also be understood that only a singleMC terminal 101 is utilized in HPNA network 100. When there is aconnection between HPNA network 100 and another network (not shown), MCterminal 101 also serves as the access point for HPNA network 100 to theother network.

Both MC terminal 101 and non-MC terminal 102 include a frameclassification entity (FCE). MC terminal 101 also includes a framescheduling entity (FSE), while a non-MC terminal 102 does not include anFSE. The FCE for both MC terminal 101 and non-MC terminal 102 islogically located at a logical link control (LLC) sublayer of eachterminal. Each FCE maintains a frame classification table containingframe classifiers that are used for identifying a QoS-specified frameand a QoS stream ID corresponding to the frame. Specifically, the FCE inMC terminal 101 maintains a frame classification table 103 a, while theFCE in non-MC terminal 102 maintains a frame classification table 103 b.The frame classifiers for the in-band signal protocols correspond toconventional QoS signaling bits contained in data packets or frames. TheQoS stream ID is the combination of the MAC address of an HPNA terminaland the QoS parameter values associated with the stream.

Each QoS stream has a queue at the MAC sublayer of a transmittingterminal, whether the terminal is an MC terminal or a non-MC terminal.The FCE of a terminal classifies incoming data frames to a correspondingQoS stream queue. Data frame arrivals at MC terminal 101 are physicallyqueued at MC terminal 101, while data frame arrivals at non-MC terminal102 are physically queued at non-MC terminal 102 and are virtuallyqueued at MC terminal 101. That is, MC terminal 101 maintains anon-virtual queue for each QoS stream in which MC terminal 101 is thetransmitting terminal and a virtual queue for each QoS stream that anon-MC terminal is a transmitting terminal. Preferably, each QoS streamqueue is a FIFO (first in, first out) buffer type of queue. Data framesfrom different sessions/applications have the same QoS stream ID whenthe data frames have the same QoS parameter values and the same sourceand destination MAC addresses. A data frame received from the LLCsublayer of a terminal (whether an MC terminal or a non-MC terminal) isplaced into the queue of a QoS stream at the MAC layer by the FCE of theterminal for transmission when the data frame has the same QoS parametervalues as the QoS parameter values associated with the QoS stream. Anyunclassified (either no in-band QoS signaling or unrecognized QoSsignaling) data frames are treated as best effort traffic and placed ata queue associated with the best effort traffic.

The FSE is logically located at a medium access control (MAC) sublayerof an MC terminal, and maintains a frame scheduling table 104 containingQoS parameter information and the corresponding QoS stream ID for eachactive QoS stream of each terminal. Additionally, frame scheduling table104 contains queue status for each active QoS stream of each terminal,such as queue length and last transmit time for a data frame from aqueue. As previously mentioned, MC terminal 101 maintains a non-virtualqueue for each QoS stream in which MC terminal 101 is the transmittingterminal and a virtual queue for each QoS stream that a non-MC terminalis a transmitting terminal. For in-band QoS streams, the QoS parameterscontained in frame scheduling table 104 can be as simple as informationrelating to different priority levels. For example, three bits are usedby the Diffserv protocol for defining eight priority levels.Alternatively, a predetermined number of bits can be used for defining atraffic type to be used alone or in combination with a predeterminednumber of bits defining a priority level. The QoS information inscheduling table 104 may not be the same as the QoS parameters for theincoming data frames. For example, scheduling table 104 may contain someQoS information, such as maximum delay, jitter bound, mean and minimumdata rate and maximum data burst, that is required by a schedulingalgorithm. The FCE classifies the incoming data frame to the proper QoSstream queue based on the contained QoS parameter values.

Bandwidth is allocated to a non-MC terminal 102 using a polling scheme.A non-MC terminal 102 sends a reservation request message to the FSE ofMC terminal 101 upon arrival of a new burst of reservation request. Thereservation request message contains QoS information for the stream.Non-MC terminal 102 also piggybacks local queue size information in thedata frames. The FSE at MC terminal 101 allocates bandwidth for each QoSstream of a terminal based on the QoS information for the stream,regardless whether the terminal is an MC terminal or a non-MC terminal.

When a data frame is sent to the LLC sublayer from a higher layer withinMC terminal 101 (or non-MC terminal 102), the FCE examines the frameclassifier contained in the data frame (which is the QoS parametervalue) against entries in frame classification table 103 a (or 103 b).End-to-end QoS parameter values that are expected by a new in-band QoSsignaling session are extracted directly from a data frame for the newsession. The FCE classifies the incoming data frame based on the in-bandQoS signaling contained in the frame, and places, or associates, theclassified data frame in the queue for the proper QoS stream at the MACsublayer. The FSE of MC terminal 101 then allocates bandwidth bytransmitting or polling a data frame from the queue of a QoS streambased on a set of QoS parameter values associated with the QoS stream.Although the in-band QoS signaling contained in a data frame may onlyindicate the priority level for the frame, the QoS parameters associatedwith a QoS stream into which the frame is classified may include QoSparameters, such as delay, jitter bound, a mean data rate and maximumdata burst.

The FSE may also contain other information, such as queue length foreach active queue and the time for last transmission of a data framefrom a queue. The scheduling algorithm utilized by the FSE does not needto be standardized and can be designed for satisfying a specific systemQoS requirement. For example, a scheduling algorithm can provide strictpriority-based scheduling. Alternatively, a scheduling algorithm mayprovide scheduling that is based on low delay and low jitter forrelatively higher priority applications while still avoiding starvationconditions for relatively lower priority applications.

When the FCE of MC terminal 101 receives the first data frame of a newdown-stream session/application, i.e., a stream from MC terminal 101 toa non-MC terminal 102 in which none of the active QoS streams has thesame QoS parameter values contained in the new data frame, the FCE addsa new entry to the classification table corresponding to the new QoSstream. The FCE of MC terminal 101 also sends a message to the FSE of MCterminal 101 for creating a new queue, and for adding the new QoS streamand the QoS parameter values for the new QoS stream to scheduling table104.

When the FCE of non-MC terminal 102 receives the first data frame of anew up-stream or side-stream session/application, i.e., a stream fromnon-MC terminal 102 to MC terminal 101 or a stream from non-MC terminal102 to another non-MC terminal (not shown), the FCE of non-MC terminal102 adds a new entry to classification table 103 b for the new QoSstream. Then, the FCE of non-MC terminal 102 generates either a separatereservation request message, or simply uses the newly-received dataframe for a reservation request purpose, and inserts the frame to aconventional HPNA 2.0 PRI 6 slot The frame is sent to MC terminal 101with a QoS stream ID through a conventional contention mechanism as usedby legacy HPNA 2.0 terminals.

When MC terminal 101 receives the reservation request frame (or thefirst frame of the new QoS stream), the FSE of MC terminal 101 adds anew entry with the QoS parameter values for the new QoS stream toscheduling table 104. The FSE of MC terminal 101 begins allocatingbandwidth for the new QoS stream based on the extracted QoS values.

Besides providing a scheduling function, the FSE in MC terminal 101maintains a timer for each non-virtual (i.e., physical) QoS stream queueand a counter for each virtual queue having an entry in scheduling table104 for detecting termination of a QoS stream. The tinier is assigned toeach QoS stream queue that is physically queued at the MC terminal forindicating how long the queue is empty. When a physical queue at MCterminal 101 is not empty, the timer corresponding to the queue is setto zero. When a queue becomes empty, the timer corresponding to thequeue starts counting. When a queue receives another frame, the timercorresponding to the queue is reset to zero. When a timer reaches apredetermined value, such as 3-5 times of the maximum delay for the QoSstream of the corresponding queue, or a fixed value for all queuesregardless the QoS parameters associated with each physical queue, thestream(s) associated with the queue is (are) considered to beterminated. (Recall that a QoS stream queue may contain more than oneQoS stream.) The FSE then removes the corresponding entry fromscheduling table 104. The FSE also sends a message to the FCE of MCterminal 101 for removing the corresponding entry from classificationtable 103.

A counter is assigned to each virtual QoS stream queue at MC terminal101. When MC terminal 101 polls a non-MC terminal 102, the polled non-MCterminal can respond in one of three ways. When the non-MC terminalresponds to a polling message by not transmitting any data frames(because no frames are available for transmission) or by transmittingone or more data frames from a different QoS stream queue, the countercorresponding to the virtual QoS stream queue is incremented. When thepolled non-MC terminal responds by transmitting one or more data framesfrom the polled QoS stream queue, the counter corresponding to the QoSstream queue is reset to zero. When a counter reaches a predeterminednumber, such as three, the FSE in MC terminal 101 removes the entry inframe scheduling table 104 corresponding to the polled QoS stream queue,and bandwidth is no longer allocated to the QoS stream.

A counter is assigned to each QoS stream queue at each non-MC terminal102. When a data frame is sent from a QoS stream queue after a pollingmessage, the counter corresponding to the QoS stream queue is reset tozero. When no data frame from the polled QoS stream queue is sent aftera polling message, or when one or more data frames from a different QoSstream queue are sent after polling, the counter corresponding to thepolled QoS stream is incremented. When the counter reaches apredetermined value (preferably the same predetermined value as used bythe MC terminal for the same QoS stream queue), the non-MC terminalremoves the QoS stream queue and informs the FCE of the non-MC terminalto remove the corresponding entry from classification table 103 b.

FIG. 2 shows a functional block diagram showing out-of-band QoSsignaling reference models for an MC terminal and a non-MC terminal foran HPNA network 200 according to the present invention. As shown in FIG.2, HPNA network 200 includes an MC terminal 201 and at least one non-MCterminal 202. Both MC terminal 201 and non-MC terminal 202 include aframe classification entity (FCE). MC terminal 201 also includes a framescheduling entity (FSE), while non-MC terminal 201 can optionallyinclude an FSE. While FIG. 2 shows only one non-MC terminal 202, itshould understood that HPNA network 200 can include a plurality ofnon-MC terminals 202. It should also be understood that only a single MCterminal 201 is utilized in HPNA network 200. When there is a connectionbetween HPNA network 200 and another network (not shown), MC terminal201 also serves as the access point for HPNA network 200 to the othernetwork.

In FIG. 2, the out-of-band QoS signaling reference model for MC terminal201 includes an Admission Control Entity (ACE), a QoS Signaling Entity(QSE), a QoS Management Entity (QME), a Frame Classification Entity(FCE), and a Frame Scheduling Entity (FSE). A non-MC terminal 202includes a QoS Signaling Entity (QSE), a QoS Management Entity (QME), aFrame Classification Entity (FCE), and an optional Frame SchedulingEntity (FSE). MC terminal 201 and non-MC terminal 202 are depicted usingthe OSI Physical (PHY) layer, the Media Access Control (MAC) sublayer,the Logical Link Control (LLC) sublayer and higher layers. Each layerinterfaces in a well-known manner with an adjacent layer through aninterface mechanism depicted in FIG. 2 as a relatively thicker line.

Preferably, the ACE is a separate entity that operates in conjunctionwith the QME and the QSE. Alternatively, the ACE and the QSE may eachalternatively be part of the QME. The FCE is logically located in alogical link control (LLC) sublayer of MC terminal 201, and maintains aframe classification table 203 a that is used for identifying aQoS-specified frame. Frame classification table 203 a contains allactive classifiers that are paired with a QoS stream ID. MC terminal 201also includes a FSE that is logically located at a Medium Access Control(MAC) sublayer of MC terminal 201. The FSE maintains a frame schedulingtable 204 a that contains scheduling information for schedulingtransmission for all data frames. The QME of MC terminal 201 interfaceswith both the FEC and the FSE of MC terminal 201.

Each non-MC terminal 202 includes a local QME that interfaces with alocal FCE. The local FCE for non-MC terminal 202 is logically located atthe LLC sublayer of non-MC terminal 202 and, similar to the FCE of MCterminal 201, maintains a local frame classification table 203 b. Localframe classification table 203 b contains all active classifiers thatare paired with a QoS stream ID and are associated with non-MC terminal202. Each non-MC terminal 202 optionally includes a local FSE (shownhaving a dashed border) that, when included in the non-MC terminal, islogically located at the MAC sublayer of the non-MC terminal. Whenincluded in a non-MC terminal, local FSE maintains a local framescheduling table 204 b for the non-MC terminal (also shown with a dashedborder).

End-to-end QoS signaling messages (as used in RSVP) that are part of aQoS stream for a session or an application (session/application) areeither generated by the QSEs of terminals in HPNA network 200 or fromoutside HPNA network 200. The ACE of MC terminal 201, which may includea resource control module and a policy control module, exchangesend-to-end QoS signaling messages with the QSEs in HPNA network 200and/or other QoS signaling counterparts outside HPNA network 200 thatare transparent to the lower layers. Based on the end-to-end QoSsignaling messages and local policy contained in policy control module,the ACE makes an admission control decision for a session/applicationthat is being set up, i.e., initialized. For example, the resourcecontrol module within the ACE performs an admission control decisionbased on resource permission protocol, such as whether a requestedresource is available. The policy control module within the ACE performsan admission control decision based on a policy permission protocol.

To set up a new down-stream session/application, i.e., a QoS stream fromMC terminal 201 to a non-MC terminal 202, a reservation messagecontaining frame classification and QoS information is received by theACE of MC terminal 201 from either a device outside HPNA network 200 orthe QSE of MC terminal 201. When the ACE admits a new down-streamsession/application, the resource(s) reserved for the admission is (are)reflected in the ACE. The QME of MC terminal 201 extracts a frameclassifier from the end-to-end QoS messages for each admitteddown-stream session/application. Exemplary classification parametersinclude IP classification parameters, LLC classification parameters andIEEE802.1 P/Q classification parameters.

The QME of MC terminal 201 also assigns a unique QoS stream ID to anewly admitted down-stream session that is the combination of the MACaddresses of the HPNA source and destination terminals, and the localQoS stream queue ID so that the QoS stream ID is unique within the HPNAnetwork. The local QoS stream queue ID is an index of the local queuewithin MC terminal 201. Different terminals in the HPNA network normallyuse the same index numbers, such as 0 through a network-defined Max QID.The MAC address plus the queue index identify each QoS stream of eachterminal. Each QoS down-stream session that has been admitted by the ACEhas a queue at the MAC sublayer of MC terminal 201 that is preferably aFIFO-type of queue. The QME of MC terminal 201 passes a frame classifierto the FCE of MC terminal 201 that defines the down-stream traffic of anewly admitted session/application and the assigned corresponding QoSstream ID. The FCE adds an entry to classification table 203 acontaining the classifier and the QoS stream ID.

For all admitted sessions/applications, the QME of MC terminal 201 alsopasses the QoS stream ID and the corresponding QoS parameter values tothe FSE of MC terminal 201. Logically, the FSE maintains the QoS streamIDs and associated QoS parameter values, plus other information, such asqueue size and time of last transmit of a data frame from a queue, in ascheduling table 204 a.

To set up a new up-stream or side-stream session/application, i.e., astream from non-MC terminal 202 to MC terminal 201 or from non-MCterminal 202 to another non-MC terminal (not shown), a reservationmessage is generated at the QSE of non-MC terminal 202. Morespecifically, when the FCE of non-MC terminal 202 detects the new dataframe from the higher layer; the FCE of non-MC terminal 202 passes thenew data frame to the QME of non-MC terminal 202. The QME assigns a QoSstream ID to the new stream, adds the QoS stream ID to a reservationmessage, and sends the reservation message to the ACE of MC terminal 201using the conventional HPNA 2.0 protocol.

When the ACE at MC terminal 201 admits the down-stream or side-streamsession/application, the resource(s) reserved for the admission is (are)reflected in the ACE. The QME of MC terminal 201 extracts the QoS valuesand the QoS stream ID from the QoS message. The QME of MC terminal 201then passes the QoS stream ID and the corresponding QoS parameter valuesto the FSE of MC terminal 201. The FSE of MC terminal 201 adds the QoSstream ID and the QoS parameter values to scheduling table 204 a.

For each admitted up-stream or side-stream session/application, MCterminal 201 sends an admission approval message to the requestingnon-MC terminal 202. Upon receiving the admission approval message, theQME of the requesting non-MC terminal 202 passes a frame classifier andthe assigned QoS stream ID to the FCE of the non-MC terminal. The FCE ofthe non-MC terminal adds an entry to classification table 203 acontaining the classifier and the QoS stream ID. The QME of non-MCterminal 202 also passes the QoS stream ID and the corresponding QoSparameter values to the FSE of the non-MC terminal 202 when there is anFSE at the non-MC terminal, and the FSE of the non-MC terminal (whenavailable) adds an entry to scheduling table 204 b containing the QoSstream ID and the QoS parameter values.

An FCE, whether located within an MC terminal 201 or a non-MC terminal202, classifies frames passed down to the LLC sublayer into thecorresponding queue of a QoS stream. The FSE of MC terminal 201schedules bandwidth for frames classified to each respective queue basedon the QoS parameter values associated with the queue. A non-MC terminal202 transmits a data frame from the polled QoS stream queue that hasbeen polled by a polling message containing the QoS stream ID when thereis no local FSE at the non-MC terminal. When there is a local FSE at thenon-MC terminal, the FSE of the non-MC terminal selects data frames fromthe active queues maintained by the FSE based on the QoS parametervalues of the respective queues for transmission over the bandwidthscheduled by MC terminal 201.

When the QME of the MC terminal detects a change of QoS parameter valuesfor an admitted session/application based on the contents of end-to-endQoS signaling messages received by the ACE, the ACE makes a newadmission control decision regarding the “changed” QoS parameter values.When the QoS parameter change cannot be accepted, the QME takes noaction for both the MC terminal and the non-MC terminal(s) participatingin the session/application.

When the ACE accepts the change, the resource(s) reserved for themodified QoS parameter values will be reflected in the ACE, and the QMEof the MC terminal updates the FSE of the MC terminal accordingly withthe new QoS parameter values. When a participating non-MC terminalreceives the admitted QoS update message, the non-MC terminal passes theinformation contained therein to its local QME. The local QME updatesthe local FSE (when included in the non-MC terminal) with the modifiedQoS parameter values for the up-stream or side-stream traffic of thesession/application. Subsequently, the FSEs of both the MC terminal andthe non-MC terminal (if any) schedule the transmissions of the streambased on the modified QoS parameter values.

When the QME of MC terminal 201 detects a termination of an admittedsession/application (up-stream or down-stream or side-stream) based onthe contents of end-to-end QoS signaling messages, the resource(s)released by the termination will be reflected in the ACE. Further, theQME of MC terminal 201 instructs the FSE of MC terminal 201 to removethe QoS stream ID and the corresponding QoS parameter values associatedwith the session/application for the terminated sessions/applicationsfrom scheduling table 204 a. When the terminated session/application isa down-stream session/application, the QME of MC terminal 201 alsoinstructs the FCE of MC terminal 201 to remove from classification table203 a the frame classifier associated with the session/application andthe corresponding QoS stream ID. When the terminated session/applicationis an up-stream or side-stream session/application, upon receiving thetermination message, the QME of a non-MC 202 instructs the FCE of thenon-MC terminal to remove the frame classifier associated with thesession/application and the corresponding QoS stream ID fromclassification table 203 b. The QME of the non-MC terminal alsoinstructs the FSE (if any) of the non-MC terminal to remove fromscheduling table 204 b the QoS stream ID and the corresponding QoSparameter values associated with the session/application.

While the invention has been described with respect to specific examplesincluding presently preferred modes of carrying out the invention, thoseskilled in the art will appreciate that there are numerous variationsand permutations of the above described systems and techniques that fallwithin the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in theappended claims.

1-60. (canceled)
 61. A method of classifying frames in a first layer in a network, the method comprising: classifying received data frames into one of a plurality of quality of service streams based on a respective value of a quality of service parameter, each data frame being associated with a respective value of the quality of service parameter, wherein the received data frames are received from a second layer, the second layer being a higher layer of the network relative to the first layer; associating the received data frames with one of a plurality of quality of service queues corresponding to a classification of the received data frames received from the second layer, each of the plurality of quality of service queues being associated with a quality of service stream; forwarding each of the received data frames to an associated one of the plurality of quality of service queues; forming a frame classification table comprising a first entry having a frame classifier used for classifying the received data frames based on the quality of service parameter; and adding a second entry to the frame classification table when a data frame comprises a value not present in the frame classification table.
 62. The method of claim 61, wherein the quality of service parameter comprises a maximum allowed delay.
 63. The method of claim 61, wherein the quality of service parameter comprises a minimum mean data rate.
 64. The method of claim 61 wherein the classifying received data frames comprises comparing a value of the quality of service parameter to a stored value.
 65. The method of claim 64, wherein the stored value comprises a plurality of entries in the frame classification table.
 66. The method of claim 61, wherein the received data frames comprise a first plurality of data frames, the method further comprising: receiving a second plurality of data frames, each of the second plurality of data frames comprising an unrecognized quality of service parameter; classifying each of the second plurality of data frames as a best-effort quality of service stream; and forwarding each of the second plurality of data frames to a best-effort quality of service queue, the best-effort quality of service queue being associated with the best-effort quality of service stream.
 67. The method of claim 66, wherein the unrecognized quality of service-parameter does not comprise quality of service signaling.
 68. A method comprising: receiving a data frame at a first layer of a first terminal, the data frame being received from a second layer of the first terminal, the second layer being a higher layer relative to the first layer; classifying the data frame based on quality of service information contained in the data frame; associating the data frame with a quality of service queue corresponding to a classification of the data frame; receiving a polling message from a second terminal relating to the quality of service queue; and transmitting the data frame to a destination in response to the receiving a polling message.
 69. The method of claim 68, wherein the first terminal comprises an in-band signaling model non-media control terminal and wherein the second terminal comprises an in-band signaling model media control terminal.
 70. The method of claim 69, wherein the data frame is part of a quality of service stream at a logical link control layer of the in-band signaling model non-media control terminal and wherein the quality of service stream is an up-stream quality of service stream.
 71. The method of claim 69, wherein the data frame is part of a quality of service stream at a logical link control layer of the in-band signaling model non-media control terminal and wherein the quality of service stream is a side-stream quality of service stream.
 72. The method of claim 68, wherein the quality of service queue is physically located at a media access control layer.
 73. The method of claim 68, further comprising: forming a frame classification table comprising an entry having a frame classifier that is used for classifying the data frame based on the quality of service information contained in the data frame.
 74. The method of claim 73, wherein the predetermined value equals three.
 75. The method of claim 68, further comprising: adding a new entry to the frame classification table when a data frame comprises a value not present in the frame classification table.
 76. A method of classifying frames in a first layer in a network, the method comprising: receiving a data frame that is part of a down-stream quality of service stream at the first layer, the data frame being received from a second layer, the second layer being a higher layer of the network relative to the first layer; classifying the data frame based on quality of service information contained in the data frame; associating the data frame with a quality of service queue corresponding to a classification of the data frame; scheduling transmission of the data frame to a destination; forming a frame classification table comprising a first entry; and adding a second entry to the frame classification table when a data frame comprises a value not present in the frame classification table.
 77. The method of claim 76, wherein the first layer comprises a logical link control layer and wherein the frame classification table is located at the logic link control layer.
 78. The method of claim 76, further comprising: removing the first entry when the quality of service queue is empty and a predetermined amount of time elapses.
 79. The method of claim 76, wherein the quality of service queue includes a plurality of quality of service streams.
 80. The method of claim 76, wherein the down-stream quality of service stream is a multimedia session quality of service stream. 